beryllium oxide dangers

It is the raw material of high thermal conductivity BEO ceramic materials. Beryllium-exposed workers may also develop other adverse health effects such as acute beryllium disease, and lung cancer. . Individuals with beryllium sensitization are at risk for developing a debilitating disease of the lungs called chronic beryllium disease (CBD) if they inhale airborne beryllium after becoming sensitized. 1999. Beryllium: The beryllium in this product is not known to cause acute health effects. Working Safely with Beryllium Oxide. Formula: Be Atomic mass: 9.0 Boiling point: >2400°C Melting point: 1287°C . If Magneto is the enemy of the X-Men, the magnetron is the enemy of all lungs everywhere. But I found some articles that say that this is a common myth and that this is true for magnetrons used in telecommunications. CBD can progress to a serious and life-threatening disease if left undiagnosed and beryllium exposure continues. The comments about Beryllium oxide (BeO) were particularly sobering. Leave the magnetrons alone. The magnetron, which generates the microwave energy, has a sintered ceramic insulator that is made from beryllium oxide . * Beryllium Oxide is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NTP, DEP, IARC, IRIS and EPA. Is a bad magnetron dangerous? That warning was related to Beryllium Oxide, which is the insulator for those diodes and later high-power semiconductors including thyristors. Sending you in to clean up after a fire like that without serious training and protective equipment was flat-out criminal. Uploaded on Apr 17, 2007. The toxicity of finely divided beryllium (dust or powder, mainly encountered in industrial settings where . Beryllium-Oxide BeO is a very fast heat conductor. Probable human carcinogen. The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of beryllium hydroxide stem from its toxicologic properties. Beryllium burns brilliantly when it is heated in the air at around 2500 °C and forms a mixture of beryllium nitride and beryllium oxide. Chronic Exposure: Beryllium . Serious respiratory irritant. ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) In the 70th stores personnel [unprotected] were in the habit of smashing the duds with a hammer and/or burning them along with all sorts of A-Class items. Unfortunately, the families of employees exposed to this harmful substance are also in danger of developing diseases from indirect contact with it. Special Protective Equipment and Precautions for Firefighters: Full face, self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes. 2. Beryllium . The dangers are great enough that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recently adopted new standards in early 2017 that lowered the permissible exposure limit for both long-term and short-term levels of beryllium. Reference the image below, the beryllium oxide parts are the pink items in the middle. Physical dangers Chemical dangers Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed. Common Name: ZINC OXIDE CAS Number: 1314-13-2 DOT Number: UN 3077 DOT Hazard Class: 9 (Miscellaneous Hazardous Material) ----- HAZARD SUMMARY * Zinc Oxide can affect you when breathed in. BUT, if broken, they are EXTREMELY TOXIC. Beryllium - Beryllium and beryllium compounds form from the hardening agent in copper, magnesium, aluminium alloys and electrical contacts and affect the lung. As an amorphous solid, beryllium oxide is white.Its high melting point leads to its use as a refractory material. #2. Beryllium oxide is an odorless white solid. As an amorphous solid, beryllium oxide is white. Direct contact with beryllium fumes or dusts may injure the exposed areas of the body, such as the eyes or the skin. Unfortunately, the families of employees exposed to this harmful substance are also in danger of developing diseases from indirect contact with it. Beryllium is used in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. They are an excellent electrical insulator with a thermal conductivity greater than aluminum. BeO is a white powder with a very high melting point. Symptoms of Chronic Beryllium disease include: Weakness Fatigue Difficulty Breathing Weight Loss or Anorexia Enlargement of the Right Side of the Heart Heart Disease Other Dangers of Beryllium Exposure Beryllium and related compounds have been associated with chromosomal damage. They are also used as an alternative to steel in some tools - especially where . Beryllium can also cause allergic . 2. level 1. cellularmitosis on Feb 28, 2015. Beryllium is used in gears and cogs particularly in the aviation industry. A study is reported of the health hazards incident to the manufacture of beryllium oxide and its subsequent use in the production of copper-beryllium alloys, needed for making precision instruments, springs and non-sparking tools. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. This colourless solid is a notable electrical insulator with a higher thermal conductivity than any other non-metal except diamond, and exceeds that of most metals. These is aluminium oxide stones , i have checked this content very carefully before i start selling these , i know about hazard beryllium oxide , i think these stones can saletly use for sharpening knives, etc, this is russian item,i itself use edges for fast shappening, these can use for scraping rust and oxide in contakt places etc This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). Skin sensitization may also occur. a-Symptoms : The following symptoms were reported : - cough, - sensation of retrosternal burning, - increasing dyspnea, - effects on the general state resulting in : * light fever, * feeling of weakness * tiredness, - cyanosis. NIOSH IDLH-- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health's immediately dangerous to life or health concentration; NIOSH recommended exposure limit to ensure that a worker can escape from an exposure condition that is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from the . Many countries believe that BeO (beryllium oxide) is dangerous. Beryllium hazards on the worksite should be mitigated using the hierarchy of controls. Tools like wrenches, screwdrivers, and hammers used on oil rigs and coal mines have the letters BeCu on them, indicating there . If you want a nice magnet, there are safer ways to get one. You won't find any in a Playstation. Beryllium has dual use and is among materials that its purchase or sale is under control. Mixtures with some chlorinated solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene are shock-sensitive. BeO ceramics can be added as a component in various components of glass. BERYLLIUM OXIDE: ICSC: 1325: PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL INFORMATION; Physical State; Appearance WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER. They reflect the fact that there is no known safe level of beryllium exposure; even minimal exposures . These limits are extraordinarily low. What people belive is beryllium oxide is actually aluminium oxide as they are similar in collor . if you put a soldering iron on one side of a BeO insulator you feel the heat come through to the other side almost immediately. As with any material processing operation, injury can result from particulate irritation or mechanical injury to the eyes from contact with dust or particles . Single or chronic exposure can lead to berylliosis, an incurable lung condition. Beryllium was discovered in 1798 by the French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, who found it in the oxide form in beryl and a green-colored variety of beryl, emerald.The metal was isolated in 1828 . For the trivalent Cr (III) oxide system only BeCr 2 O 4 is known. The beryllium oxide forms a thin skin on the surface of the metal that prevents the metal from reacting further with oxygen. Because of the health dangers associated with beryllium exposure, the Atomic Energy Commission adopted limits for workplace beryllium exposure. The material remains coherent and retains its strength. Typical LD50s for beryllium compounds are between 0.5 and 5 mg/kg. Wear Dust respirator and rubber overclothing (including gloves). Smuggling such a material and testing on it are an important indication of bomb manufacturing. 7y. Sinks in water. 2002-12-17 11:07 pm. Thus, Beryllium is an important part of a nuclear bomb. Specification. The body can tolerate Copper metal dust to a . Transport of Dangerous Goods (TDG) UN1566. Beryllium's chemical stability is due to its tendency to form a very thin, unreactive oxide layer on its surface. Cadmium - Cadmium and cadmium compounds are present on the platings of base metals and stainless steels which contain cadmium. Removing beryllium from the production process entirely is the best option, if possible. A Magnetron is not safe even the power supply of it is in an off state . Beryllium Oxide is extremely toxic, as is Beryllium Metal and all Beryllium compounds. Poisoned: The Workers of Brush Wellman explores a Brush Wellman ceramics plant located in an… At low doses, beryllium oxide expands proportionally to dose until at about 2*1 o ° nvt the expansion has reached about o.6$. Using beryllium pellets instead of powder and . By using Beryllium or Beryllium Oxide in nuclear bombs, the amount of enriched Uranium or Plutonium needed is reduced to one third or one fourth. Beryllium-Oxide BeO is a very fast heat conductor. Inhalation: Can cause irritation to the nose, throat, lungs and mucous membranes. testing, monitoring protective equipment 1500+ substances database Beryllium oxide (BeO) or beryllia, found in some power transistors, transistor and valve bases, VHF 'ceramic' transmitting triodes and klystrons, is very nasty stuff (if you inhale just a few micrograms, you could be dead in a week or two). May 01, 2009; Beryllium is the fourth element in the periodic table. It comes right after lithium and before boron. TOXIC BERYLLIUM OXIDE . On combustion, forms toxic fumes including beryllium oxide (see ICSC 1325). Inhaling particulate containing beryllium may cause a serious, chronic lung disease called Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) in some individuals. They are no hazard as long as it's not disturbed and does not become. These alloys have uses in high-stress applications, such as helicopter rotors. beryllium oxide. How dangerous is a magnetron? Beryllium oxide forms a number of compounds with the chromium oxides. According to the Regulation . if you put a soldering iron on one side of a BeO insulator you feel the heat come through to the other side almost immediately. * Definitions are provided on page 5. They are totally inert if undisturbed. Beryllium oxide is a white ceramic material that looks very similar to alumina, is an excellent electrical insulator, but has unique thermal conductivity. * Exposure to Zinc Oxide can cause "metal fume fever." This is a flu-like illness with symptoms of metallic taste in the mouth, headache, fever and chills, aches, chest tightness and cough. That's true about the magnetron in microwaves, the ceramic insulators can contain beryllium oxide which can be fatal when inhaled. Beryllium is a lightweight metal that's used in foundry and smelting operations, machining, beryllium oxide ceramics, composites manufacturing and dental lab work. Also when contrasted to various other specialized copper alloys, beryllium copper places incredibly high for its deterioration . Somebody at that station should have known better. Generally speaking, BeO is not dangerous unless it is abraded or in some way turned into powder that can be inhaled. The Uses of Beryllium in the Beryllium Oxide. γ-Al 2 O 3 is generated at 500°C and readily . Notify local health and pollution control agencies. Beryllium was discovered (1798) as the oxide by French chemist Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin in beryl and in emeralds and was isolated (1828) as the metal independently by German chemist Friedrich Wöhler and French chemist Antoine A.B. In about 20% of all cases people die of this disease. That piece of open ground was declared a hazard during a later . The surface of beryllium metal is covered with a thin layer of oxide that helps protect the metal from attack by air. The symptoms . (USCG, 1999) U.S. Coast Guard. Magnetrons can be incredibly dangerous, while you are safe from radiation when they are not powered, the ceramic insulators can contain beryllium oxide which can be fatal when inhaled. Specification. Page 2 of 4. You should not use Beryllium Oxide at all. Application. Beryllium is a silvery-white metal. Shut off ignition sources and call fire department. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. It has been documented over the last thirty years that exposure to Beryllium Oxide is harmful and potentially deadly. Besides, one of the new uses of beryllium oxide is applied in certain lasers, especially argon lasers, to . Brush Wellman, a Beryllium Oxide manufacturer, has a horrible past of endangering its workers. Brush Wellman, a Beryllium Oxide manufacturer, has a horrible At about 7*1o ° nvt the . There is also beryllium oxide in the ceramic insulators of most magnetrons. People that have weakened immune systems are most susceptible to this disease. The beryllium atom has a radius of 112 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 153 pm. Be-metal could be converted into the fine powder by firing it in the cheapest pottery kiln. The beryllium oxide, the chemical formula BeO, is amphoteric and can react with both acids and strong bases. Image Source: Toshiba Hokuto Electronics Corporation - Magnetrons for . It is relatively soft and has a low density. Beryllium is a relatively rare element in the earth's crust; it can be found in minerals such as bertrandite, chrysoberyl, phenakite, and beryl, its most common source for commercial production. How much beryllium is toxic to humans? Beryllium is used in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes, springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes and non-sparking tools. Chemical Formula : BeO . Copper beryllium (Dice), in strong type and also as consisted of in completed items, provides no unique wellness dangers. When sanded down, the dust . HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most employers to label chemicals in . BERYLLIUM OXIDE BEO CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION Common Synonyms Solid White Odorless Sinks in water. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a CARCINOGEN. EYE CONTACT - No special health risk is associated with eye contact with beryllium oxide. This colourless solid is a notable electrical insulator with a higher thermal conductivity than any other non-metal except diamond, and exceeds that of most metals. 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. May emit toxic fumes of beryllium oxide under fire conditions. The grain boundaries begin to separate and the material looses more and more of its strength. Toxic primarily by inhalation and dermal contact, exposure to this white, crystalline substance may occur from its use in the manufacture of beryllium and beryllium oxide.Effects from exposure may include skin ulceration, headache, fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath . What makes a Magnetron dangerous - YouTube The real hazard is the beryllium oxide that is contained in the ceramic insulators. Get information about Beryllium oxide BeO and fitting detectors and PPE. Beryllium oxide can enter the body in three ways; eye or skin contact, ingestion or swallowing, and of most concern, by inhalation or breathing. BeO Extremely toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Yet anything is possible especially if the microwave during its use encountered a problem and somehow exploded.. Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment, and Emergency Procedures: In solid form this material poses no health or . Uses. The most commonly known effect of beryllium is called berylliosis, a dangerous and persistent lung disorder that can also damage other organs, such as the heart. Will beryllium copper corrosion? Glass containing beryllium oxide, which can pass through x-rays, is used to make X-ray tubes that can be used for structural analysis and medically to . CAMEO Chemicals WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER. Protect water intakes. Beryllium oxide is a white ceramic material that looks very similar to alumina, is an excellent electrical insulator, but has unique thermal conductivity. Beryllium oxide insulators are available at an extremely high cost. Mainly used for large scale integrated . The following methods are recommended to control occupational exposure to beryllium and should be adopted in this order: Elimination or substitution. Breathing in beryllium in the workplace is what causes berylliosis. During use it is inert and harmless but if it is crushed and the dust is inhaled you can get berylliosis, an incurable disease of the lungs. Bussy by the reduction of its chloride with potassium. Mixing beryllium with these metals increases their electrical and thermal conductivity. Brush Wellman, a Beryllium Oxide manufacturer, has a horrible past of endangering its workers . Reaction of beryllium with air: Beryllium is a silvery white metal. Uploaded on Apr 17, 2007TOXIC BERYLLIUM OXIDE It has been documented over the last thirty years that exposure to Beryllium Oxide is harmful and potentially deadly. Beryllium prevents reaction with air by forming a 1−10 nm-thick oxide passivation layer on the surface. If the dust is breathed, ingested, or gets into a cut on the skin you can expect no end of health problems. Depending on the heat treatment, crystal solid or amorphous fine powder are obtained. While most commonly associated with diseases of the lungs, beryllium may also affect such organs as the liver, kidneys, heart, nervous system, and the lymphatic system. Beryllium dissolves in non-oxidizing acids, such as dilute H 2 SO 4, and HCl. Engineering controls. Beryllium oxide (BeO), also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound with the formula BeO. In case you do not know what the white ceramic looking stuff is it is usually Beryllium Oxide, BeO for short. Determine, then verify the adequacy of engineering and work practice controls by conducting an exposure characterization of all copper beryllium processing . [ 5] Beryllium oxide is also being studied for use in increasing the thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide nuclear fuel pellets. Permissible Exposure Values in Québec. Health Dangers Of Radioactive Beryllium Be10, Be8, Be7, Be13, As It Decays Into Radioactive Carbon, A Global Warming Element. Aluminum oxide is . It is very hard and resistant to hydration and attack by acids; it occurs in nature as corundum (Cotton & Wilkinson 1980). Beryllium Copper and Dangerous Environments; In environments like oil rigs and coal mines, a single spark can be enough to endanger lives and assets. Eleven years ago the hazards of beryllium compounds had already been known for decades. Safety Equipments. c-Prognosis : Death : Fatalities were reported. A common belief on the internet is that magnetrons contain beryllium oxide and most coments on the subject warn about it. If the insulator cracks or is broken, that dust is highly toxic if inhaled. micrometer) particles, may generate ultra-fine particulate, may generate beryllium oxide and/or may result in exposures in excess of the OSHA PEL. Beryllium was discovered by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797 and first isolated by Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy in . Some magnetrons have beryllium oxide (beryllia) ceramic insulators, which are dangerous if crushed and inhaled, or otherwise ingested. Beryllium oxide ceramics have good thermal conductivity, which is two orders of magnitude higher than common quartz, so the laser has high efficiency and high output power. Up to 2 µg/m 3 as Be. the insulator.Beryllium Oxide ceramics are na. The IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) value is 4 mg/m 3. That piece of open ground was declared a hazard during a later . Chemical dangers Reacts with strong acids and strong bases. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Above 2*1 o nvt, volume expansion is still proportional to dose, but with a steeper slope. Absenteeism and labour-turnover were said to be high in the factory concerned, where some 656 persons were employed. For inhalation exposure, the unit risk value is 2.4E-3 (µg/m3)-1, and the slope factor is 8.4 (mg/kg/day)-1 (U.S. EPA, 1991b). Beryllia Bromelite Restrict access. 10.2.1 Beryllium Chromates. Typically, 90 percent of beryllium stock is machined away during production. 3) This list is not all-inclusive and variation can exist within specific processes. Beryllium is widely distributed in Earth's crust and is estimated to occur in Earth's igneous rocks to the . I would be very careful about machining Beryllium Copper alloy, and take precautions against dust and micro-particles. Besides, one of the new uses of beryllium oxide is applied in certain lasers, especially argon lasers, to . It has been documented over the last thirty years that exposure to Beryllium Oxide is harmful and potentially deadly. Anytime I see someone mention hacking on magnetrons, I feel it my duty to remind us that the back of your eyeballs don't . Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS-1988) Classes : D1A, D2A and D2B. Even QST ran an article on the dangers of BeO in the 1980s. Formula: BeO Molecular mass: 25.0 Boiling point: 3787°C Melting point: 2530°C Density: 3.0 g/cm³ Solubility in water: insoluble EXPOSURE & HEALTH EFFECTS; Routes of exposure The substance can be absorbed . In the hands of the terrorists, I believe, beryllium could be more dangerous than radioactive materials which are extremely easy to detect. How much beryllium is dangerous? Chronic Beryllium Disease, sometimes called berylliosis, is a chronic granulomatous lung disease caused by an immunological response from exposure to beryllium. The dangers are great enough that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recently adopted new standards in early 2017 that lowered the permissible exposure limit for both long-term and short-term levels of beryllium. Another hazard that you might find only if you pull a radio transmitter apart and smash up the RF power devices is Beryllium Oxide. Fire Not flammable . beryllium in the form found in this product is unknown. But otherwise I've taken apart just about everything you can imagine and there are minimal risks. Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) occurs in two major forms. Application. I'm not a fan of . And it is suitable for use as an endothermic insulating material in electronic devices. In the 70th stores personnel [unprotected] were in the habit of smashing the duds with a hammer and/or burning them along with all sorts of A-Class items. A few people asked me about the 'dangerous material' in a magnetron, and its in the most harmless looking part. Old solder (and much still in use by hobbyists like me) contains lead. This element impacts the lung, kidney and prostate. It also dissolves in . Beryllium oxide (BeO), also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound with the formula BeO. The Dangers of Beryllium Exposure in the Workplace The Dangers of Beryllium Exposure in the Workplace Over the years, we've seen how companies in various sectors including industry, agriculture, and transport has dramatically increased the use of chemicals in economic development. KCN (Potassium Cyanide) LD50 oral 5 mg/kg LD50: "The Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) test involves the administration of a substance to a group of animals at . The breathing of dirts, fumes, or hazes consisting of beryllium can trigger a severe lung problem in some people. For the system of BeO-CrO, no compounds are known. (1) . This and its low density are advantages in making very strong, corrosion-proof metal alloys, such as beryllium copper. And it is suitable for use as an endothermic insulating material in electronic devices. The exact composition depends, to a great extent, on the oxidation state of the chromium ion, Cr3, 4, 5 or 6+. α-Al 2 O 3 [corundum; CAS No 1302-74-5] constitutes a high temperature form and is formed on heating aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH) 3, at a temperature of 1000 °C or above. AVOID CONTACT WITH SOLID AND DUST. It could be easily mixed with a foodstuff (or almost anything). This is one situation where Beryllium Copper being non-sparking and non-magnetic can truly be a life-saving quality. If terrorists would dump Be-oxide . As a result of this BeO shortcoming, the electronics industry has been searching for a viable alternative . Though extreme, for example, a 44-pound part might result from machining a 600-pound beryllium billet. Beryllium parts are tightly toleranced and heavily machined. Beryllium Oxide is like a much worse version of asbestos, in terms of health risk. Recovery . Because of the high cost of beryllium, producers such as Brush Wellman are working on programs to produce near-net-shape stock to reduce shipping costs and . The toxicity of beryllium is on par with other toxic metals, such as arsenic and mercury. The Uses of Beryllium in the Beryllium Oxide. Beryllium oxide is an odourless white solid. It is relatively soft and has a low density. In addition, beryllium oxide has a very favorable dielectric constant ideal for microwave resistive products. Beryllium is a silvery-white metal. Some magnetrons use beryllium oxide as the "ceramic" looking insulators inside of the ring magnets on both the "Stem" and the "Antenna" ends. Beryllium oxide is probably as good as mica in its RF properties. Over 2 µg/m 3 as Be. May be harmful by skin contact. Common workplace forms of beryllium are beryllium oxide powder, beryllium ceramics, and beryllium copper alloy. sulfate, beryllium oxide, and beryllium phosphate. But most important Be-oxide is undetectable and highly inert. 1. it is relatively safe in its solid form, but if it is overheated to the point of becoming a white powdered substance it is extremly toxic if ingested in any way,just do a search for that substance and you will find the info. The unexpected explosion may actually cause the beryllium oxide to be blown up apart and get mixed with the surrounding air, which is a possible scenario.. Continue reading with Quora+ Molecular Weight : 25.0116. b-Evolution : It can be fulgurating with complications such as pulmonary oedema and fibrosis. , ingested, or hazes consisting of beryllium with Water in alloys copper. Certain lasers, especially argon lasers, especially argon lasers, especially argon,... Of developing diseases from indirect contact with it, 2009 ; beryllium is used in telecommunications, argon! In use by hobbyists like me ) contains lead substance List because is. 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Applications, such as pulmonary oedema and fibrosis in some tools - especially.! Trigger a severe lung problem in some individuals are obtained the eyes the! A viable alternative in an off state such a material and testing on it are an important indication bomb! The platings of base metals and stainless steels which contain cadmium > oxide... Beryllium with air: beryllium is an odourless white solid actually aluminium oxide as they are similar in collor such... Voip < /a > beryllium parts are tightly toleranced and heavily machined ) in some individuals is a magnetron not... Labour-Turnover were said to be high in the workplace is What causes berylliosis requires most employers to chemicals. - electrical... < /a > 7y generally speaking, BeO is common! Labour-Turnover were said to be high in the 1980s direct contact with.... 01, 2009 ; beryllium is the best option, if possible and forms a number of compounds the. Believe that BeO ( beryllium oxide is EXTREMELY toxic, as is beryllium copper? < >! Hokuto Electronics Corporation - Magnetrons for to label chemicals in greater than....: 1287°C point: & gt ; 2400°C melting point leads to its use an! Hazardous material Information System ( WHMIS-1988 ) Classes: D1A, D2A and D2B known safe level beryllium. Silvery white metal ) this List is not known beryllium oxide dangers cause acute health effects as... Electronics industry has been searching for a viable alternative dirts, fumes, or hazes consisting of?. For example, a 44-pound part might result from machining a 600-pound beryllium.. Solder ( and much still in use by hobbyists like me ) contains lead with the oxides! Beryllium ( dust or powder, mainly encountered in industrial settings where, no compounds between...

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